====== Shell Commands & Oneliner ======

**the place for useful commands, 1-liners, mini-howtos & snippets**

please give a short description or some links

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===== archives - tar.gz | bz | 7zip =====

**create tar.gz archiv**
	
   tar -czvf myfiles.tar.gz /home/username/myfiles/


**create tar.gz archiv of full system without **

   tar cvpzf /mnt/somewhere/backup.tgz --exclude=/data --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys --exclude=/dev /


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===== compressed dump of complete filesystems ===== 

**backup raw data of a disc (as root): **

  dd if=/dev/sdX | gzip -c9 > /PATH/TO/BACKUP.gz

**restore to a __drive of same size__ as original medium:**

  gunzip -c /PATH/TO/BACKUP.gz | dd of=/dev/sdX
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===== various methods howto backup & restore =====

**[[http://wiki.eeeuser.com/backup_restore]]**

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===== sound =====

**mp3 "normalize" by id3 tag**

mp3gain analyses sound files and saves an id3 volume metatag to them. many music-players can read that id3 tag and adjust the volume to that gain.

   find /path/to/music/ -type f -iname '*.mp3' -print0 | xargs -0 mp3gain -r -k

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===== bash completion =====

**debian misses to enable this by default :(** 
it enables a lot of auto complete for file paths, commands, command parameters(!) and more

   apt-get install bash-completion

add this to /etc/profile to enable completion for all users:

   if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
     . /etc/bash_completion
   fi

enable it by opening a new console or 
   source /etc/profile

info from: http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-add-bash-completion-in-debian

==== Create Random File ====

count is in KiB

  dd bs=1024 count=1000 </dev/urandom >myfile  

===== Fix locales ===== 

  export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8; export LANG=en_US.UTF-8; export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8; locale-gen en_US.UTF-8