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--- linux:commands [2011/12/03 17:48]
tkilla
+++ linux:commands [2020/11/12 00:20] (current)
tkilla
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Shell Commands ======
+====== Shell Commands & Oneliner ======
-**the place for useful commands, 1-liners and snippets**
+**the place for useful commands, 1-liners, mini-howtos & snippets**
-please leave a short description or some links here
+please give a short description or some links
+----
 ===== archives - tar.gz | bz | 7zip =====
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
-**backup mirror.tar via ssh & cat **
+**create tar.gz archiv of full system without **
-the file-globbing regex /[a-oq-z]* leaves out /p* dirs, to exclude /proc :-)
+   tar cvpzf /mnt/somewhere/backup.tgz --exclude=/data --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys --exclude=/dev /
-   ssh -v root@hostname tar cvf - /[a-oq-z]* | cat > /backupdir/mirror.tar
 \\
 ----
+===== compressed dump of complete filesystems =====
+**backup raw data of a disc (as root): **
+  dd if=/dev/sdX | gzip -c9 > /PATH/TO/BACKUP.gz
+**restore to a __drive of same size__ as original medium:**
+  gunzip -c /PATH/TO/BACKUP.gz | dd of=/dev/sdX
+\\
+----
+===== various methods howto backup & restore =====
+**[[http://wiki.eeeuser.com/backup_restore]]**
+\\
+----
 ===== sound =====
@@ Line 26: / Line 46: @@
 **mp3 "normalize" by id3 tag**
-mp3gain analyses sound files and saves an id3 volume metatag to them.
+mp3gain analyses sound files and saves an id3 volume metatag to them. many music-players can read that id3 tag and adjust the volume to that gain.
-many music-players can read that id3 tag and adjust the volume.
    find /path/to/music/ -type f -iname '*.mp3' -print0 | xargs -0 mp3gain -r -k
+\\
+----
+===== bash completion =====
+**debian misses to enable this by default :(**
+it enables a lot of auto complete for file paths, commands, command parameters(!) and more
+   apt-get install bash-completion
+add this to /etc/profile to enable completion for all users:
+   if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
+     . /etc/bash_completion
+   fi
+enable it by opening a new console or
+   source /etc/profile
+info from: http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-add-bash-completion-in-debian
+==== Create Random File ====
+count is in KiB
+  dd bs=1024 count=1000 </dev/urandom >myfile
+===== Fix locales =====
+  export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8; export LANG=en_US.UTF-8; export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8; locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

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