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--- linux:webserver:nginx [2016/08/10 21:31]
tkilla
+++ linux:webserver:nginx [2020/11/13 04:11]
tkilla [Block Bots, SQL Injections, etc]
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ====== Performance ======
-  * uninstall nginx-full from wheezy (nginx is just an empty meta-package), instead install nginx-extras from dotdeb. this version is much faster!
+  * uninstall nginx-full (nginx is just an empty meta-package), instead install nginx-extras from dotdeb. this version includes pagespeed and everything
-  * nginx.conf optimizations:
+  * try nginx-light -> it's faster (ca. 0,2sec), but few modules
-    worker_processes 4;   # we have 4 cores
+  * always use latest versions from dotdeb repo
-    worker_connections 4096;
-    multi_accept on;
+**nginx.conf optimizations:**
-    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=16k; # log buffer (reduce slow disc writes)
+**
-    # gzip enabled
+  # use the number of** logical cores / threads:
-    # Cache information about frequently accessed files enabled
+  worker_processes 8;
+  worker_connections 1024;
+  multi_accept on;
+  # log buffer (reduce slow disc writes)
+  access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=16k;
+  # gzip config
+  gzip on;
+  gzip_disable "msie6";
+  gzip_min_length 1400;
+  gzip_vary on;
+  gzip_proxied any;
+  gzip_comp_level 6;
+  gzip_buffers 16 8k;
+  gzip_http_version 1.1;
+  gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
+  # Cache information about frequently accessed files
+  open_file_cache max=2000 inactive=20s;
+  open_file_cache_valid 60s;
+  open_file_cache_min_uses 5;
+  open_file_cache_errors off;
+  # buffers optimzed:
+  client_max_body_size 20m;
+  client_body_buffer_size 128k;
+  # fix 169 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream
+  proxy_buffer_size   128k;
+  proxy_buffers   4 256k;
+  proxy_busy_buffers_size   256k;
+  proxy_connect_timeout  1200s;
+  proxy_send_timeout  1200s;
+  proxy_read_timeout  1200s;
+  fastcgi_send_timeout 1200s;
+  fastcgi_read_timeout 1200s;
+  # mitigate https://httpoxy.org:
+  fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY "";
+  tcp_nopush on;
+  tcp_nodelay on;
+  #tcp_nopush off;	 # -> 0,1s - 0,3s slower
+  keepalive_timeout 5;   # instead of 65 - less ressources, same performance
@@ Line 53: / Line 98: @@
   rewrite (*UTF8)^/[öüäÖÜÄßa-zA-Z][a-zA-Z]/index.php(.*)$ /index.php$1;
+===== microcaching =====
+Cache PHP output for a very short time on busy sites to reduce php load:
+Vhost config top:
+  fastcgi_cache_path /home/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=MYAPP:100m inactive=60m;
+  fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
+server {
+  ....
+  location ~ \.php$ {
+  # Setup var defaults
+  set $no_cache "";
+  # If non GET/HEAD, don't cache & mark user as uncacheable for 1 second via cookie
+  if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD)$) {
+       set $no_cache "1";
+  }
+  # Drop no cache cookie if need be
+  # (for some reason, add_header fails if included in prior if-block)
+  if ($no_cache = "1") {
+       add_header Set-Cookie "_mcnc=1; Max-Age=2; Path=/";
+       add_header X-Microcachable "0";
+  }
+  # Bypass cache if no-cache cookie is set
+  if ($http_cookie ~* "_mcnc") {
+       set $no_cache "1";
+  }
+  # Bypass cache if flag is set
+  fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;
+  fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;
+  fastcgi_cache microcache;
+  fastcgi_cache_key $server_name|$request_uri;
+  fastcgi_cache_valid 404 30m;
+  fastcgi_cache_valid 200 10s;
+  fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 1M;
+  fastcgi_cache_use_stale updating;
+  fastcgi_pass_header Set-Cookie;
+  fastcgi_pass_header Cookie;
+  fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
+====== Security ======
+===== Block Bots, SQL Injections, etc =====
+Block Bots in nginx.conf include like dissallow.conf:
+  server { ...
+    if ($http_user_agent ~* (AspiegelBot|MegaIndex|heritrix|panscient|HubSpot|libwww-perl|OpenVAS-VT|masscan|Linguee|Nimbostratus|Seekport|SMTBot|SEOkicks|SeobilityBot|360Spider|AhrefsBot|BLEXBot|MJ12bot|BUbiNG|Findxbot|Morfeus|larbin|ZmEu|Toata|talktalk|Baiduspider|webalta|nikto|wkito|pikto|scan|acunetix|morfeus|webcollage|youdao|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner|SemrushBot|GetWeb!|GetRight|Go!Zilla|Download\Demon|Go-Ahead-Got-It|TurnitinBot|GrabNet|Indy\ Library) ) {
+        # Connection Closed Without Response
+        # A non-standard status code used to instruct nginx to close the connection without sending a response to the client,
+        # most commonly used to deny malicious or malformed requests.
+        return 444;
+    }
+  ...
+  }
+https://www.howtoforge.com/nginx-how-to-block-exploits-sql-injections-file-injections-spam-user-agents-etc

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