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linux:network:ssh

SSH

secure shell…

Key authentication - login without password

Generate a (4096 bits long) private+public -key-pair on the local machine. To generate a key without password, just press enter:

Modern ssh supports elliptical curve keys (Ed25519 keys have a fixed length):

ssh-keygen -t ed25519

Old rsa key:

ssh-keygen -b 4096

Find the public key in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

To login on a remote machine without password, you need to add the public key to the file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on that box.

less ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  # copy this

.. on the remote machine:

nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys  # paste key in **ONE** line

Another option is to use the following command to add the key to authorized_keys on the remote machine:

ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub user@remoteserver


Key authentication - restricted

To secure the keyless login, you can restrict the key to (very) specific commands. For example one specific rsync:

in the rsync commandline add -v to the ssh command:

rsync $PARMS -e "ssh -v -p 123"

you will find a line like this in the output:

debug1: Sending command: rsync  --server -vvlogasdasd.iLsf .....

copy this line from rsync to the end to the authorized_keys on the remote machine and prepend command=“..” to the key-line:

command="rsync --server -vvlogasdasd.iLsf ......" ssh-rsa AAAA.....

test it and then remove -v

FIXME

This can be problematic, because the allowed command will always be executed - no matter what your script says!! You need one line for each rsync command!

More restrictions:

Allow only specified IP(s):

from="host1,host2",command="..."  ssh-rsa AAA...

No shell, and more:

command="...",no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty  ssh-rsa AAA...


Keychain

encrypt your key with passphrase, but enter phrase only once per session

http://www.funtoo.org/Keychain

add / change key passphrase:

cd ~/.ssh/
ls
ssh-keygen -f id_rsa -p

setup keychain:

sudo apt-get install keychain

add keychain to ~/.bash_profile

eval `keychain --eval --agents ssh --clear id_rsa`

everytime you login, keychain will ask for your passphrase and re-use it for all logins:

source ~/.bash_profile


setup a tunnel

this creates a tunnel from local port 4950 to port 4949 on the remote machine, using a socket

ssh -L 4950:localhost:4949 -f -N -p222 -M -S /var/run/ssh_tunnel1.sock -o ExitOnForwardFailure=yes root@re.mo.te.IP

in /etc/ssh/sshd_config you only need to AllowTcpForwarding:

X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding yes
PermitTunnel  # not sure,if it's required

To restrict tunneling:

PermitOpen 127.0.0.1:3306


SSHFS - SSH Filesystem

Mount remote directories (for all users and reconnect, if network is interrupted)

Install:

apt-get install sshfs

Mount:

sshfs -p 222 root@server:/path/ /mnt/server -o allow_other -o reconnect


SFTP

vsftp server is not required to run a sftp server - openssh handles it.

setup is tricky: permissions of dirs are very important!

/etc/ssh/sshd_config:

#Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
#...
Match group sftp
  ChrootDirectory /var/www/%u 
  X11Forwarding no
  ForceCommand internal-sftp
  # you can allow tunneling here, if you like:
  AllowTcpForwarding yes
  PermitOpen 192.168.10.10:3306
  # or permit it:
  AllowTcpForwarding no

alternative setup - use the homedir from /etc/passwd as chroot-dir:

ChrootDirectory %h

add group and user:

groupadd sftp
useradd -g sftp  -d /var/www/user/  -s /sbin/nologin user
passwd user

set permissions, chown to root:

chown root:root /var/www/  # basedir must belong to root
chmod 0755 /var/www/
chown root:root /var/www/user/  #root not only for for parent!

“Their home directory must be owned as root and not writable by another user or group. This includes the path leading to the directory” https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/SFTP_chroot

debug:

if /var/log/auth.log gives this error: pam_loginuid(sshd:session): set_loginuid failed comment this entry from /etc/pam.d/sshd:

#session    required     pam_loginuid.so


Bugs

If you get errors like this and problems with logins and tunnels, it's an LXC problem:

pam_loginuid(sshd:session): set_loginuid failed
error: PAM: pam_open_session(): Cannot make/remove an entry for the specified session

Fix it with:

sed '/pam_loginuid.so/s/^/#/g' -i /etc/pam.d/* 

inside the container and restart ssh.

rrsync

Restricted rsync Setup - rrsync will be the only allowed Command. Run rsync as usual, but the Destination Path on remote Server will be prefixed with the Path defined in authorized_keys

mcedit /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
# prefix key with something like:
from="<IP>",command="$HOME/bin/rrsync /home/",no-agent-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,no-pty,no-user-rc,no-X11-forwarding ssh-ed25519
cp /usr/share/doc/rsync/scripts/rrsync /root/bin/
chmod +x /root/bin/rrsync
chown root:root /root/bin/rrsync

OLD jessie:

gunzip /usr/share/doc/rsync/scripts/rrsync.gz -c > /root/bin/rrsync
chmod +x /root/bin/rrsync
chown root:root /root/bin/rrsync
linux/network/ssh.txt · Last modified: 2021/03/29 01:18 by tkilla